Data

Methodology

The Chinese Citizens' Global Perception Survey (CCGPS) utilizes stratified, random sampling techniques to collect responses across urban and rural mainland China. 

CCGPS 2023, CCGPS 2024 and CCGPS 2025 data was collected in the first quarters of 2023 (N = 2,009), 2024 (N = 2,007) and 2025 (N = 2,006) respectively. It achieved a distribution of responses that generally mirrors China’s 2020 national census demographics pertaining to gender, age, education, income and residential location. 

Response validity was determined based on completeness, meaning invalid surveys left one or more required questions incomplete, and were thus excluded. This standard survey administration practice has the small potential to add bias to the results.

The survey included a total of 33 questions and involves 7-point Likert scale questions. Individual demographic information gathered by the survey included: age, gender, urban/rural status, martial status and Communist Party membership. Socio-economic information collected included: level of education, functional language abilities, occupation and individual/household income.

Data Availability

The raw data files for CCGPS 2023 will be publicly available from approximately mid-2026 onwards; CCGPS 2024 from approximately mid-2027 onwards; and, CCGPS 2025 from approximately mid-2028 onwards. In the interim, any enquiries about the CCGPS project can be directed to the lead Investigator.

Attribution

Please feel free to use any information and data points from the CCGPS project, with the caveat proper attribution is duly noted. The CCGPS data can be cited as follows:

CCGPS 2023

Hasmath, R. (2023) Chinese Citizens' Global Perception Survey, 2023. Available at: https://www.howchinaseestheworld.com

CCGPS 2024

Hasmath, R. (2024) Chinese Citizens' Global Perception Survey, 2024. Available at: https://www.howchinaseestheworld.com

CCGPS 2025

Hasmath, R. (2025) Chinese Citizens' Global Perception Survey, 2025. Available at: https://www.howchinaseestheworld.com